Department of Water Supply
"By Water All Things Find Life"
2007 Water Quality Monitoring Results for the Upcountry Systems

This water has been tested and meets all Federal and State Standards. The following data is about your drinking water.

Makawao System
Lower Kula System
Upper Kula System

Makawao System

This water serves: Haiku, Haliimaile, Makawao, Pukalani

Source Name Origin Treatment
Haiku Well Groundwater Chlorination
Kaupakalua Well Groundwater Chlorination
Pookela Well Groundwater Chlorination
Wailoa Ditch Surface Microfiltration, Chlorination

If a contaminant is NOT SHOWN, IT WAS NOT DETECTED

Detected Primary Contaminants Unit Highest Detected Level Range EPA's Allowable Limits MCL EPA's Allowable Limits MCLG Typical Source of Contaminant Is Your Water Safe? Compliance Met?
Detected at the sources
Nitrate (as N) ppm 1.8 N/A 10 0 Erosion of natural deposits YES
DBCP(1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane) ppt 15 10-20 40 0 Runoff/leaching from soil fumigant YES
TCP(1,2,3 - Trichloropropane) ppt 120 ND-174 600* N/A Runoff/leaching from soil fumigant YES
Detected in the distribution system
TTHM'S
(Total trihalomethanes)		 ppb 27 3.2-56 80 N/A Disinfection by-product YES
HAA'S
(Haloacetic Acids)		 ppb 16 ND-33 60 N/A Disinfection by-product YES
*Regulated in Hawaii but not by EPA

Contaminant Sample Date Unit 90th Percentile Reading Action Level # Samples Above
Action Level		 Is Your Water Safe?
Compliance Met?
Lead 2007 ppb < 5 15 1 YES
Copper 2007 ppm < 0.05 1.3 0 YES

Infants and young children are typcially more vulnerable to lead in drinking water than the general population. It is possible that lead levels at your home may be higher than at homes in the community as a result of materials used in your home's plumbing. If you are concerned about elevated lead levels in your home's water, you may wish to have your water tested. As a general practice, you should flush your tap for 30 seconds to 2 minutes before using the tap water, if you have not used it for 4-6 hours. Additional information is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791.

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Lower Kula System

This water serves: Olinda, Kula Kai, Omaopio, Pulehu

Source Name Origin Treatment
Piiholo Reservoir Surface water Direct filtration; chlorination

If a contaminant is NOT SHOWN, IT WAS NOT DETECTED

Detected Primary Contaminants Unit Highest Annual Average Range EPA's Allowable Limits MCL EPA's Allowable Limits MCLG Typical Source of Contaminant Is Your Water Safe? Compliance Met?
Detected in the distribution system
TTHM'S
(Total trihalomethanes)		 ppb 66 32-122 80 N/A Disinfection by-product YES
HAA'S
(Haloacetic Acids)		 ppb 31 11-45 60 N/A Disinfection by-product YES

Some people who drink water containing trihalomethanes in excess of the MCL over many years may experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or central nervous systems, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Contaminant Sample Date Unit 90th Percentile Reading Action Level # Samples Above
Action Level		 Is Your Water Safe?
Compliance Met?
Lead 2007 ppb 2.44 15 0 YES
Copper 2007 ppm 0.06 1.3 0 YES

Infants and young children are typically more vulnerable to lead in drinking water than the general population. It is possible that lead levels at your home may be higher than at homes in the community as a result of materials used in your home's plumbing. If you are concerned about elevated lead levels in your home's water, you may wish to have your water tested. As a general practice, you should flush your tap for 30 seconds to 2 minutes before using the tap water, if you have not used it for 4-6 hours. Additional information is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791.

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Upper Kula System

This water serves: Upper Kula, Waiakoa, Keokea, Ulupalakua, Kanaio

Source Name Origin Treatment
Haipua'ena Intake Surface water Microfiltration; chloramination

If a contaminant is NOT SHOWN, IT WAS NOT DETECTED

Detected Primary Contaminants Unit Highest Annual Average Range EPA's Allowable Limits MCL EPA's Allowable Limits MCLG Typical Source of Contaminant Is Your Water Safe?
Compliance Met?
Detected in the distribution system
TTHM's
(Total trihalomethanes)		 ppb 13.9 4.2-24 80 N/A Disinfection by-product YES
HAA'S
(Haloacetic Acids)		 ppb 19.7 15.8-27 60 N/A Disinfection by-product YES

Contaminant Sample Date Unit 90th Percentile Reading Action Level # Samples Above
Action Level		 Is Your Water Safe? Compliance Met?
Lead 2007 ppb 7.4 15 1 YES
Copper 2007 ppm 0.16 1.3 0 YES

Infants and young children are typically more vulnerable to lead in drinking water than the general population. It is possible that lead levels at your home may be higher than at homes in the community as a result of materials used in your home's plumbing. If you are concerned about elevated lead levels in your home's water, you may wish to have your water tested. As a general practice, you should flush your tap for 30 seconds to 2 minutes before using the tap water, if you have not used it for 4-6 hours. Additional information is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791.

Microbiological Contaminants Detected in the distribution system Unit Result MCL MCLG Typical Source of Contaminant Is Your Water Safe? Compliance Met?
Total Coliform Bacteria Positive/Negative 1 - Highest number of positive samples in any one month No more than 1 positive sample per month 0 Naturally present in the environment YES

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Definitions
MCL Maximum Contaminant Level The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water
MCL's are set as close to the MCLG's as feasible using the best available technology
MCLG Maximum Contaminant Level Goal The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLG's allow for a margin of safety.
MF/L   Million Fibers per liter
Action Level   The concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements which a water system must follow.
CFU/100 ml   Colony Forming Units per 100 milliliter
Mrem/yr Millirems per year A measure of radiation
pCi/L Picocuries per liter A measure of radioactivity

Abbreviations   Compared to
ppm Parts per million milligrams per liter One second every 12 days
ppb Parts per billion micrograms per liter One second every 32 years
ppt Parts per trillion nanograms per liter One second every 32,000 years
ND Not Detected    
NQ Not Quantifiable    
< Less than    
NYA Not Yet Available